【ROS学习-5】了解ROS Nodes(节点/结点)

1.相关概念
  • Nodes: A node is an executable that uses ROS to communicate with other nodes.
  • Messages: ROS data type used when subscribing or publishing to a topic.
  • Topics: Nodes can publish messages to a topic as well as subscribe to a topic to receive messages.
  • Master: Name service for ROS (i.e. helps nodes find each other)
  • rosout: ROS equivalent of stdout/stderr
  • roscore: Master + rosout + parameter server
2.Nodes
   A node really isn't much more than an executable file within a ROS package. ROS nodes use a ROS client library to communicate with other nodes. Nodes can publish or subscribe to a Topic. Nodes can also provide or use a Service.
3.客户端库
   根据编程语言不同有:
  rospy = python client library
  roscpp = c++ client library
4.roscore
   当运行ROS时第一件事就是运行roscore命令。
5.使用rosnode
   由于执行了roscore命令后Terminal界面就被占用了,此时需要再打开一个新Terminal再进行如下操作才能有相应结果(即操作依赖于roscore的运行):
  rosnode list
   此时会看到:
  /rosout
   当前只有rosout这个node在运行,运行roscore就一直存在,用于调试或打印输出信息。
rosnode info /rosout
   该命令可以看到rosout这个node的更多信息。
6.使用rosrun
   运行ROS自带的turtle例子:
  rosrun turtlesim turtlesim_node
   其中,turtlesim是包名,turtlesim_node是节点名。
   命令运行后有如下输出:
  [ INFO] [1495245056.523181709]: Starting turtlesim with node name /turtlesim
  [ INFO] [1495245056.543466285]: Spawning turtle [turtle1] at x=[5.544445], y=[5.544445], theta=[0.000000]
  对应的运行界面如下:

   此时执行rosnode list命令,会有如下输出:
  /rosout
  /turtlesim
   多了一个turtlesim结点,对于结点名,我们也可以指定,如下命令:
  rosrun turtlesim turtlesim_node __name:=slam_turtle
   即在使用rosrun时通过__name参数来设定,执行该命令后再执行rosnode list,会有如下返回值:
  /rosout
  /slam_turtle
   接下来使用rosnode ping slam_turtle命令可以测试该结点的运行状况,命令执行返回值:
  rosnode: node is [/slam_turtle]
  pinging /slam_turtle with a timeout of 3.0s
  xmlrpc reply from http://slam:46576/ time=3.997087ms
  xmlrpc reply from http://slam:46576/ time=1.501083ms
  xmlrpc reply from http://slam:46576/ time=1.564980ms
  xmlrpc reply from http://slam:46576/ time=1.533031ms
  xmlrpc reply from http://slam:46576/ time=1.444101ms
  ^Cping average: 2.008057ms
7.回顾
  • roscore = ros+core : master (provides name service for ROS) + rosout (stdout/stderr) + parameter server
  • rosnode = ros+node : ROS tool to get information about a node.
  • rosrun = ros+run : runs a node from a given package.
8.参考网址

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